What are the standards for photovoltaics?

There are numerous national and international bodies that set standards for photovoltaics. There are standards for nearly every stage of the PV life cycle, including materials and processes used in the production of PV panels, testing methodologies, performance standards, and design and installation guidelines.

What are PV standards?

The standards series has been recognized by the World Bank and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO). Such standards also serve as the basis for testing and certification of components, devices, and systems. Two of the IEC Conformity Assessment Systems deal with PV parts, systems and installations.

What are solar PV EOL waste management regulations?

Solar PV EOL waste management regulations in different US states SB 489 (2015): This law requires solar panel manufacturers to establish a program for collecting and recycling solar PV modules sold in California and report on their progress toward meeting recycling goals (Brokaw, 2015).

What are the criteria for solar PV end-of-life waste management?

The criteria were based on the following key areas of interest: 1. Legal framework: This included an assessment of the legal framework and regulatory environment for solar PV end-of-life waste management in each country. 2.

What are the regulatory levels for photovoltaic systems?

At least three regulatory levels for the production, installation, operation and end of life of photovoltaic systems can be considered. Additionally, the Life Cycle Assessment methodology is also regulated by standards. In this chapter, the three levels are presented.

What is solar photovoltaics (PV)?

Solar photovoltaics (PV) employs the photovoltaic effect to produce electricity from solar radiation. A major milestone in the history of solar PV technology is the first demonstration of a practical silicon photovoltaic (PV) cell, at Bell Laboratories in 1953 (Perlin 2004 ), that converted solar energy into electricity.