Are service lifetime and degradation models suitable for PV modules?

The latest scientific work shows that service lifetime and degradation models for PV modules are of specific use if they combine different modelling approaches and include know-how and modelling parameters of the most relevant degradation effects.

Is life cycle assessment a hotspot for EOL PV modules?

The life cycle assessment (LCA) of EOL PV modules is becoming a hotspot. This study summarizes the research framework and common tools used in LCA and describes the C–Si PV panel structure configuration and recycling technical routes of PV modules.

How to predict the service lifetime of PV modules?

To evaluate and predict the service lifetime of PV modules in real-world operating conditions, mathematical approaches are usually utilized , , . Physical and statistical methods have been commonly used and recently machine learning approaches are being applied.

What is the lifetime of a PV module?

Therefore, in the manufacturers’ context, the lifetime of a PV module is often defined as the time required for a PV module to lose its initial STC power by 20% (so-called degradation limit) . For outdoor degradation evaluations, statistical methods are commonly used.

What is the end-of-life of a PV module?

An overview of potential module failures, influencing factors and effects can be found in a previous report of IEA PVPS Task 13 . End-of-life is defined differently for PV modules, depending on the specific context or issue. The end-of-life is typically dependent on the use of the PV module and the specific conditions of the PV power plant.

Are PV systems environmentally friendly?

Therefore, the PV technology is environmentally friendly compared to fossil fuel for many impact categories, but it cannot be considered totally free from environmental impacts during its life cycle. Thus, the evaluation of the energy and environmental advantages of using PVs must be done, in consideration of the life cycles of these systems.